Hospitalizations and deaths of children and adolescents with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection due to COVID-19 during the epidemiological year of 2020.

This study aimed to analyze the profile of hospitalizations and factors associated with the deaths of children and adolescents with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) caused by SARS-CoV-2 nationwide. The study comprised 6,843 children and adolescents hospitalized in 2020 who tested positive for COVID-19, based on data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System. Sociodemographic and clinical profiles, hospitalization frequency, lethality and recovery rates were analyzed. The outcome was recovery or death. The 6,843 children and adolescents comprised 1.9% of SARI hospitalized cases (n = 563,051). Of these, 57.7% developed critical SARI and 90% survived. Comorbidities were present in 40.8%, especially asthma, immunodepression, and neurological and cardiovascular diseases. The main symptoms were fever, cough, dyspnea, respiratory distress, and low oxygen saturation. Among those with critical SARI, 91.4% died. There was a higher frequency of children, especially those under five years of age and of mixed ethnicity. The highest hospitalization frequency occurred in the Southeastern and Northeastern regions, the highest recovery rates in the Southeastern and Southern regions, and the highest lethality rates in the Northern and Northeastern regions. Deaths were associated with ages ranging from 12 to 19 and being under one year of age, living in the Northern and Northeastern regions, progression to critical SARI, and having immunosuppression and cardiovascular disease. In contrast, asthma was associated with lower death rates. The frequency of complications and mortality rates caused by SARS-Cov-2 in the pediatric population are relevant, as well as the severity of the epidemic in the social inequality context and the health services' frailty.

Hospitalizations and deaths of children and adolescents with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection due to COVID-19 during the epidemiological year of 2020

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the profile of hospitalizations and factors associated with the deaths of children and adolescents with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) caused by SARS-CoV-2 nationwide. The study comprised 6,843 children and adolescents hospitalized in 2020 who tested positive for COVID-19, based on data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System. Sociodemographic and clinical profiles, hospitalization frequency, lethality and recovery rates were analyzed. The outcome was recovery or death. The 6,843 children and adolescents comprised 1.9% of SARI hospitalized cases (n = 563,051). Of these, 57.7% developed critical SARI and 90% survived. Comorbidities were present in 40.8%, especially asthma, immunodepression, and neurological and cardiovascular diseases. The main symptoms were fever, cough, dyspnea, respiratory distress, and low oxygen saturation. Among those with critical SARI, 91.4% died. There was a higher frequency of children, especially those under five years of age and of mixed ethnicity. The highest hospitalization frequency occurred in the Southeastern and Northeastern regions, the highest recovery rates in the Southeastern and Southern regions, and the highest lethality rates in the Northern and Northeastern regions. Deaths were associated with ages ranging from 12 to 19 and being under one year of age, living in the Northern and Northeastern regions, progression to critical SARI, and having immunosuppression and cardiovascular disease. In contrast, asthma was associated with lower death rates. The frequency of complications and mortality rates caused by SARS-Cov-2 in the pediatric population are relevant, as well as the severity of the epidemic in the social inequality context and the health services' frailty.

Survival of patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19.

Given the magnitude of COVID-19 and the increase in hospitalization cases for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), especially among patients with diabetes mellitus, it is essential to understand the epidemiological aspects inherent to the disease and the worsening of cases. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the survival of patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for SARS due to COVID-19 in different regions of Brazil. This is a longitudinal study, carried out based on data reported in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System during the year 2020. The number of patients with diabetes mellitus among the hospitalized cases of SARS due to COVID-19 in the different regions of Brazil and the lethality rate among them were identified. A comparison of patient profiles of those who survived or did not survive and the Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the factors associated with shorter survival of patients. It was found that 51.4% of patients hospitalized with SARS due to COVID-19 had diabetes, and the case lethality rate among them was 45.0%. The Northeastern and Northern regions presented a higher proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus (56.5% and 54.3%, respectively) and a higher lethality rate (53.8% and 59.9%, respectively). The mean survival time of cases with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for SARS due to COVID-19 was estimated to be 35.7 days (0.5 days). A lower survival rate was observed among residents of the Northeastern and Northern regions with skin color reported as non-white, who required admission to Intensive Care Units and invasive mechanical ventilation, and presented respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation lower than 95%. It is concluded that diabetes mellitus was responsible for the high occurrence and lethality, mainly in the Northeastern and Northern regions, among non-white patients and those with greater clinical severity, which reinforces the importance of taking measures aimed at supporting this population.

Completeness of notifications of severe acute respiratory syndrome at the national level and in a regional health care in the state of Minas Gerais, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020. / Completude das notificações de síndrome respiratória aguda grave no âmbito nacional e em uma regional de saúde de Minas Gerais, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, 2020.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the completeness of notifications of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases on the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe) during the COVID-19 pandemic, on the national database and on the Regional Health Center database of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2020. METHODS: This was a descriptive study of the completeness of sociodemographic variables and those related to etiology, clinical condition, evolution and diagnostic criteria of SIVEP-Gripe. The level of completeness was classified as excellent (> 95%), good (90% to 95%), regular (80% to 90%), poor (50% to 80%) or very poor (< 50%). RESULTS: The percentage of variables with excellent completeness was only 18.1% on the national database, and 27.8% on the regional database. CONCLUSION: Both SIVEP-Gripe databases presented low completeness, making it necessary to improve the work process and routine training of professionals aimed at the correct filling.

Completeness of notifications of severe acute respiratory syndrome nationally and of a regional health in Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 / Completitud de notificaciones de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo a nivel nacional y de salud regional en Minas Gerais, Brasil, durante la pandemia COVID-19, 2020 / Completude das notificações de síndrome respiratória aguda grave no âmbito nacional e em uma regional de saúde de Minas Gerais, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, 2020

Objective: To analyze the completeness of notifications of cases of severe acute respiratory illness from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe) during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the national database and in a regional database in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2020. Methods: Descriptive study of the completeness of sociodemographic variables and those related to the etiology, clinical condition, evolution and diagnostic criteria of SIVEP-Influenza. Completeness was classified as excellent (greater than 95%), good (90 to 95%), fair (80 to 90%), poor (50 to 80%), and very poor (less than 50%). Results: The percentage of variables with excellent completeness was only 18.1% in the national database and 27.8% in the regional database. Conclusion: Low completeness of both SIVEP-Gripe databases was evidenced, making it necessary to improve the work process and routine training of professionals for the correct completion.

Objetivo: Analizar la completitud de las notificaciones de casos de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo del Sistema de Información de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Influenza (SIVEP-Gripe) durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en la base de datos nacional y en una base de datos regional de salud en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, en 2020. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de la completitud de las variables sociodemográficas y las relacionadas con la etiología, cuadro clínico, evolución y criterios diagnósticos del SIVEP-Influenza. La exhaustividad se clasificó como excelente (más grande que 95%), buena (90 a 95%), regular (80 a 90%), mala (50 a 80%) y muy mala (menos que 50%). Resultados: El porcentaje de variables con excelente completitud fue solo del 18,1% en la base de datos nacional y del 27,8% en la base de datos regional. Conclusión: Se evidenció la baja completitud de ambas bases de datos SIVEP-Gripe, siendo necesario mejorar el proceso de trabajo y la rutina de capacitación de los profesionales para el correcto llenado.

Objetivo: Analisar a completude das notificações de casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave no Sistema de Informação de Vigilência Epidemiológica da Gripo (SIVEP Gripe) durante a pandemia de COVID-19, na base de dados nacional e na base da Unidade Regional de Saúde do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2020. Métodos: Estudo descritivo da completude das variáveis sociodemográficas e das relativas à etiologia, condição clínica, evolução e critérios diagnósticos do SIVEP-Gripe. O nível de completude foi classificado como excelente (>95%), bom (90 a 95%), regular (80 a 90%), ruim (50 a 80%) ou muito ruim (<50%). Resultados: O percentual de variáveis com completudo excelente foi de apenas 18,1% na base de dados nacional, e de 27,8% na base de dados regional. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se baixa completude de ambas bases dados do SIVEP-Gripe, tornando-se necessários aperfeiçoamentos no processo de trabalho e capacitações rotineiras dos profissionais para o correto preenchimento.

Factors associated with the lethality of patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 in Brazil.

Due to the high rates of transmission and deaths due to COVID-19, understanding the factors associated with its occurrence, as well as monitoring and implementing control measures should be priority actions in health surveillance, highlighting the use of epidemiological surveillance information systems as an important ally. Thus, the objectives of this study were to calculate the mortality rate of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 and to identify factors associated with death, in the period corresponding to epidemiological weeks 01 to 53 of the year 2020. This was a longitudinal study, using the national influenza epidemiological surveillance information system database, routinely collected by healthcare services. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 563,051 hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 in the five regions of Brazil were analyzed. Cox regression was performed to assess factors associated with patient death during hospitalization. The national lethality rate was 35.7%, and the highest rates of lethality occurred in the Northeast (44.3%) and North (41.2%) regions. During the hospital stay, death was associated with older age (Hazard Ratio-HR = 1.026; p<0.001); male sex (HR = 1.052; p<0.001); living in the North (HR = 1.429; p<0.001), Northeast (HR = 1.271; p<0.001) or Southeast regions of Brazil (HR = 1.040; p<0.001), presenting any risk factor (HR = 1.129; p< 0.001), the use of invasive (HR = 2.865; p<0.001) or noninvasive (HR = 1.401; p<0.001) mechanical ventilation devices. A high case lethality rate was evidenced in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19, however, deaths were not evenly distributed across the country's regions, being heavily concentrated in the Northeast and North regions. Older male patients living in the North, Northeast, or Southeast regions of Brazil, who presented any risk factor and were submitted to the use of invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation devices, presented a higher risk of evolving to death.

Survival of patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19

ABSTRACT Given the magnitude of COVID-19 and the increase in hospitalization cases for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), especially among patients with diabetes mellitus, it is essential to understand the epidemiological aspects inherent to the disease and the worsening of cases. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the survival of patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for SARS due to COVID-19 in different regions of Brazil. This is a longitudinal study, carried out based on data reported in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System during the year 2020. The number of patients with diabetes mellitus among the hospitalized cases of SARS due to COVID-19 in the different regions of Brazil and the lethality rate among them were identified. A comparison of patient profiles of those who survived or did not survive and the Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the factors associated with shorter survival of patients. It was found that 51.4% of patients hospitalized with SARS due to COVID-19 had diabetes, and the case lethality rate among them was 45.0%. The Northeastern and Northern regions presented a higher proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus (56.5% and 54.3%, respectively) and a higher lethality rate (53.8% and 59.9%, respectively). The mean survival time of cases with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for SARS due to COVID-19 was estimated to be 35.7 days (0.5 days). A lower survival rate was observed among residents of the Northeastern and Northern regions with skin color reported as non-white, who required admission to Intensive Care Units and invasive mechanical ventilation, and presented respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation lower than 95%. It is concluded that diabetes mellitus was responsible for the high occurrence and lethality, mainly in the Northeastern and Northern regions, among non-white patients and those with greater clinical severity, which reinforces the importance of taking measures aimed at supporting this population.

Completude das notificações de síndrome respiratória aguda grave no âmbito nacional e em uma regional de saúde de Minas Gerais, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, 2020 / Completitud de notificaciones de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo a nivel nacional y en una regional de salud en Minas Gerais, Brasil, durante la pandemia de COVID-19, 2020 / Completeness of notifications of severe acute respiratory syndrome at the national level and in a regional health care in the state of Minas Gerais, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a completude das notificações de casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe) durante a pandemia de COVID-19, na base de dados nacional e na base da Unidade Regional de Saúde do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2020. Métodos: Estudo descritivo da completude das variáveis sociodemográficas e das relativas à etiologia, condição clínica, evolução e critérios diagnósticos do SIVEP-Gripe. O nível de completude foi classificado como excelente (> 95%), bom (90% a 95%), regular (80% a 90%), ruim (50% a 80%) ou muito ruim (< 50%). Resultados: O percentual de variáveis com completude excelente foi de apenas 18,1% na base de dados nacional, e de 27,8% na base de dados regional. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se baixa completude de ambas as bases de dados do SIVEP-Gripe, tornando-se necessários aperfeiçoamentos no processo de trabalho e capacitações rotineiras dos profissionais para o correto preenchimento.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la completitud de las notificaciones de casos de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo del Sistema de Información de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe) durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en la base de datos nacional y en una base de datos regional de salud en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, en 2020. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de la completitud de las variables sociodemográficas y las relacionadas con la etiología, cuadro clínico, evolución y criterios diagnósticos del SIVEP-Gripe. El nivel de completitud se clasificó como excelente (> 95%), bueno (90% a 95%), regular (80% a 90%), malo a (50% a 80%) y muy malo (< 50%). Resultados: El porcentaje de variables con excelente completitud fue solo del 18,1% en la base de datos nacional y del 27,8% en la base de datos regional. Conclusión: Se evidenció la baja completitud de ambas bases de datos SIVEP-Gripe, lo que hace necesario mejorar el proceso de trabajo y la rutina de capacitación de los profesionales.

Objective: To analyze the completeness of notifications of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases on the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe) during the COVID-19 pandemic, on the national database and on the Regional Health Center database of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2020. Methods: This was a descriptive study of the completeness of sociodemographic variables and those related to etiology, clinical condition, evolution and diagnostic criteria of SIVEP-Gripe. The level of completeness was classified as excellent (> 95%), good (90% to 95%), regular (80% to 90%), poor (50% to 80%) or very poor (< 50%). Results: The percentage of variables with excellent completeness was only 18.1% on the national database, and 27.8% on the regional database. Conclusion: Both SIVEP-Gripe databases presented low completeness, making it necessary to improve the work process and routine training of professionals aimed at the correct filling.

Hospitalizations and mortality by severe acute respiratory syndrome: comparison between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics and the factors associated with mortality of cases hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome in a health region, in pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. METHODS: A retrospective documentary study of epidemiological surveillance carried out with secondary data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, regarding the cases of patients belonging to a health region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. RESULTS: During the pandemic period, there was an increase in the number of hospitalizations and deaths due to severe acute respiratory syndrome, in addition to differences between sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological characteristics. In both periods, the age and the use of invasive ventilatory support were the predictors of hospital mortality. The mortality in the pandemic period was also associated with male gender, presence of risk factors, admission to an intensive care unit, use of non-invasive ventilatory support, and infection by COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: In 2020, the detection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome was 21 times higher than in 2019 and new symptoms, such as anosmia and ageusia, were included in their investigation. In both periods evaluated, elderly patients and patients on invasive mechanical ventilation had a higher risk of mortality. With the pandemic, there was a greater number of hospitalizations and factors associated with mortality.

Breastfeeding versus free distribution of infant formulas by the Public Health System.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the situation of breastfeeding and the adequacy of prescription of infant formulas to infants assisted by a secondary care program of the Public Health System. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with analysis of medical records of 350 infants from zero to 6 months, followed up between February to April 2019. RESULTS: The possibility of breastfeeding was present in 97.0% of mothers and no infant presented an acceptable medical condition for proscription of breastfeeding. Despite this, only 47.2% of cases were on exclusive breastfeeding before being referred to the program. Regarding the reasons for the introduction of infant formulas, complementation to breast milk was the most present (75.8%), followed by mothers returning to the job market (20.1%). The general rates of inadequacy of those prescribed were 65% before arriving at the program, increasing to 69% (standard formulas) and 80% (formulas for special purposes) during follow-up. CONCLUSION: The low rate of exclusive breastfeeding and the indiscriminate prescription of infant formulas are a concern for damage to maternal-child healthcare and sound finances of the Public Health System.

"COVID toes": A meta-analysis of case and observational studies on clinical, histopathological, and laboratory findings.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is related to several extrapulmonary disorders; however, little is known about the clinical, laboratory, and histopathological characteristics of pernio-like skin lesions associated with COVID-19 infection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and summarize the clinical, laboratory, and histopathological characteristics of pernio-like lesions reported in the literature. METHODS: We conducted a search of the PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect databases for articles published between January 1, 2020 and November 30, 2020, following the PRISMA recommendations (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42020225055). The target population was individuals with suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with pernio-like lesions. Observational studies, research letters, and case/series reports were all eligible for inclusion. Observational studies were evaluated using a random-effects model to calculate the weighted mean prevalence, overall mean, and 95% confidence interval. We evaluated case studies using the chi-square test for dichotomous variables and the Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. RESULTS: A total of 187 patients from case reports and 715 patients from 18 observational studies were included. The mean age of patients was 16.6 years (range 14.5-18.8). Feet were affected in 91.4% (87.0-94.4%) of patients in observational studies. The proportion of patients with a positive RT-PCR test was less than 15%. Lesion topography and morphology were associated with age. CONCLUSION: Lesions mostly occurred in pediatric patients, and the morphological characteristics tended to differ between pediatric and non-pediatric populations. There is a possible multifactorial component in lesion pathophysiology. The non-positivity of laboratory tests does not exclude an association with COVID-19. Pernio-like lesions may be a late manifestation of COVID-19.

Analysis of the service telessaúde-COVID in a municipality of Minas Gerais. / Análise dos atendimentos realizados pelo telessaúde-COVID em um município de Minas Gerais.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients treated by the remote care service "Telessaúde-COVID" and the factors associated with positive results for COVID-19. METHODS: an exploratory and analytical study, carried out based on the analysis of patient records treated by a remote care service called "Telessaúde-COVID". Characteristics of the patients treated and variables related to the service's functioning were evaluated. A descriptive, inferential analysis was performed by logistic regression. RESULTS: 1,854 new patients were evaluated and an estimate of 8,630 visits. Female patients were predominant (60.9%), aged between 20 and 59 years (75.9%). The most frequent signs and symptoms were: headache (41.8%), cough (33.3%) and runny nose (30.0%). Of the total number of patients, 66.4% were reported as suspected case of COVID-19 and 14.5% tested positive for COVID-19. The age of 60 years or more was more common among confirmed cases (26.6%). Most patients (80.4%) did not require face-to-face assistance. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 were associated with the age of the patients (OR 1,020; IC95% 1,007 - 1,032); home contact with a confirmed/suspected case (OR 1,902; IC95% 1,178 - 3,070); presence of nausea/vomiting (OR 2,403; IC95% 1,148 - 5,029) and changes in smell (OR 2,827; IC95% 1,294 - 6,176). CONCLUSION: "Telessaúde-COVID" was relevant in the management and notification of cases, avoiding the search for face-to-face consultations without clinical indication. Among the suspected cases, positivity for COVID-19 was associated with aging, history of home contact, gastrointestinal and olfactory symptoms.

OBJETIVOS: Analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos pacientes atendidos pelo serviço de atendimento remoto "Telessaúde-COVID" e os fatores associados aos resultados positivos para COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório e analítico, realizado com base na análise dos registros de pacientes atendidos por um serviço de atendimento remoto intitulado "Telessaúde-COVID". Foram avaliadas características dos pacientes atendidos e variáveis relacionadas ao funcionamento do serviço. Realizou-se análise descritiva e inferencial, com utilização da regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 1.854 novos pacientes e estimados 8.630 atendimentos. Houve predomínio de pacientes do sexo feminino (60,9%) e da faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos (75,9%). Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes foram: cefaleia (41,8%), tosse (33,3%) e coriza (30,0%). Do total de pacientes, 66,4% foram notificados como casos suspeitos de COVID-19 e 14,5% apresentaram resultado positivo para COVID-19. A idade igual ou superior a 60 anos foi mais frequente entre os casos confirmados (26,6%). A maioria dos pacientes (80,4%) não necessitou de atendimento presencial. Os resultados positivos para COVID-19 estiveram associados à idade dos pacientes (Odds Ratio - OR 1.020; intervalo de confiança - IC95% 1.007 - 1.032); contato domiciliar com caso positivo ou suspeito (OR 1.902; IC95% 1.178 - 3.070); presença de náuseas/vômitos (OR 2.403; IC95% 1.148 - 5.029) e alterações no olfato (OR 2.827; IC95% 1.294 - 6.176). CONCLUSÕES: O Telessaúde-COVID foi relevante na condução e notificação dos casos atendidos, evitando a procura por consultas presenciais sem indicação clínica. Entre os casos suspeitos, a positividade para COVID-19 associou-se a idosos, história de contato domiciliar, sintomas gastrointestinais e olfatórios.

HOSPITALIZATIONS AND MORTALITY BY SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME: COMPARISON BETWEEN PRE-PANDEMIC AND PANDEMIC PERIODS / INTERNAÇÕES HOSPITALARES E MORTALIDADE POR SÍNDROME RESPIRATÓRIA AGUDA GRAVE: COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE OS PERÍODOS PRÉ-PANDÊMICO E PANDÊMICO

Objective: To analyze the characteristics and the factors associated with mortality of cases hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in a health region, in pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Methods: A retrospective documentary study of epidemiological surveillance carried out with secondary data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, regarding the cases of patients belonging to a health region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Results: During the pandemic period, there was an increase in the number of hospitalizations and deaths due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, in addition to diferences between socioemographic and clinical-epidemiological characteristics. In both periods, the age and the use of invasive ventilatory support were the predictors of hospital mortality. The mortality in the pandemic period was also associated with male gender, presence of risk factors, admission to an intensive care unit, use of non-invasive ventilatory support and infection by COVID-19. Conclusions: In 2020, the detection rate of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome was 21 times higher than in 2019 and new symptoms, such as anosmia and ageusia, were included in their investigation. In both periods evaluated, elderly patients and patients on invasive mechanical ventilation had a higher risk of mortality. With the pandemic, there was a greater number of hospitalizations and factors associated with mortality.

Objetivo: Analisar as características e os fatores associados à mortalidade dos casos hospitalizados por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave em uma regional de saúde, nos períodos pré-pandêmico e pandêmico. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo documental de vigilância epidemiológica realizado com dados secundários provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe, referentes aos casos de pacientes pertencentes a uma regional de saúde de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Resultados: Observou-se, no período pandêmico, aumento do número de hospitalizações e óbitos por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave, além de diferenças entre as características sociodemográficas e clínico-epidemiológicas. Em ambos os períodos, comportaram-se como preditores da mortalidade hospitalar, a idade e o uso de suporte ventilatório invasivo. A mortalidade no período pandêmico se associou também ao sexo masculino, presença de fatores de risco, internação em unidade de terapia intensiva, uso de suporte ventilatório não invasivo e infecção por COVID-19. Conclusões: Em 2020, a taxa detecção de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave foi 21 vezes maior do que em 2019 e novos sintomas, como a anosmia e ageusia, foram incluídos em sua investigação. Nos dois períodos avaliados, pacientes idosos e em ventilação mecânica invasiva apresentaram maior risco de mortalidade. Com a pandemia, houve maior número de hospitalizações e fatores associados à mortalidade.

ANALYSIS OF THE SERVICE PERFORMED BY TELESAÚDE-COVID IN A MUNICIPALITY OF MINAS GERAIS / ANÁLISE DOS ATENDIMENTOS REALIZADOS PELO TELESSAÚDE-COVID EM UM MUNICÍPIO DE MINAS GERAIS

Objective: to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients treated by the remote care service "Telessaúde-COVID" and the factors associated with positive results for COVID-19. Methods: an exploratory and analytical study, carried out based on the analysis of patient records treated by a remote care service called "Telessaúde-COVID". Characteristics of the patients treated and variables related to the service's functioning were evaluated. Descriptive and inferential analysis was performed, using logistic regression. Results: 1,854 new patients were evaluated and an estimated 8,630 visits. There was a predominance of female patients (60.9%) and aged 20 to 59 years (75.9%). The most frequent signs and symptoms were: headache (41.8%), cough (33.3%) and runny nose (30.0%). Of the total number of patients, 66.4% were reported as suspected cases of COVID-19 and 14.5% had a positive result for COVID-19. The age of 60 years or more was more frequent among confirmed cases (26.6%). Most patients (80.4%) did not require face-to-face assistance. The positive results for COVID-19 were associated with the age of the patients (OR 1,020; I.C.95% 1,007-1,032); home contact with a positive/suspected case (OR 1,902; I.C95% 1,178 - 3,070); presence of nausea/vomiting (OR 2,403; I.C.95% 1,148 - 5,029) and changes in smell (OR 2,827; I.C.95% 1,294-6,176). Conclusion:  Telehealth-COVID was relevant in the management and notification of cases attended, avoiding the search for face-to-face consultations without clinical indication. Among the suspected cases, positivity for COVID-19 was associated with the elderly, history of home contact, gastrointestinal and olfactory symptoms.

Objetivos: analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos pacientes atendidos pelo serviço de atendimento remoto "Telessaúde-COVID" e os fatores associados aos resultados positivos para COVID-19. Métodos: estudo exploratório e analítico, realizado a partir da análise dos registros de pacientes atendidos por um serviço de atendimento remoto intitulado "Telessaúde-COVID". Foram avaliadas características dos pacientes atendidos e variáveis relacionadas ao funcionamento do serviço. Realizou-se análise descritiva e inferencial, com utilização da regressão logística. Resultados: foram avaliados 1.854 novos pacientes e estimados 8.630 atendimentos. Houve predomínio de pacientes do sexo feminino (60,9%) e da faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos (75,9%).  Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes foram: cefaleia (41,8%), tosse (33,3%) e coriza (30,0%). Do total de pacientes, 66,4% foram notificados como casos suspeitos de COVID-19 e 14,5% apresentaram resultado positivo para COVID-19. A idade igual ou superior a 60 anos foi mais frequente entre os casos confirmados (26,6%). A maioria dos pacientes (80,4%) não necessitou de atendimento presencial. Os resultados positivos para COVID-19 estiveram associados à idade dos pacientes (OR 1.020; I.C.95% 1.007-1.032); contato domiciliar com caso positivo ou suspeito (OR 1.902; I.C95% 1.178 ­ 3.070); presença de náuseas/vômitos (OR 2.403; I.C.95% 1.148 ­ 5.029) e alterações no olfato (OR 2.827; I.C.95% 1.294-6.176). Conclusões: o Telessaúde-COVID foi relevante na condução e notificação dos casos atendidos, evitando a procura por consultas presenciais sem indicação clínica. Dentre os casos suspeitos, a positividade para COVID-19 associou-se aos idosos, história de contato domiciliar, sintomas gastrointestinais e olfatórios.

Análise dos atendimentos realizados pelo telessaúde-COVID em um município de Minas Gerais / Analysis of the service telessaúde-COVID in a municipality of Minas Gerais

RESUMO: Objetivos: Analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos pacientes atendidos pelo serviço de atendimento remoto "Telessaúde-COVID" e os fatores associados aos resultados positivos para COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo exploratório e analítico, realizado com base na análise dos registros de pacientes atendidos por um serviço de atendimento remoto intitulado "Telessaúde-COVID". Foram avaliadas características dos pacientes atendidos e variáveis relacionadas ao funcionamento do serviço. Realizou-se análise descritiva e inferencial, com utilização da regressão logística. Resultados: Foram avaliados 1.854 novos pacientes e estimados 8.630 atendimentos. Houve predomínio de pacientes do sexo feminino (60,9%) e da faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos (75,9%). Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes foram: cefaleia (41,8%), tosse (33,3%) e coriza (30,0%). Do total de pacientes, 66,4% foram notificados como casos suspeitos de COVID-19 e 14,5% apresentaram resultado positivo para COVID-19. A idade igual ou superior a 60 anos foi mais frequente entre os casos confirmados (26,6%). A maioria dos pacientes (80,4%) não necessitou de atendimento presencial. Os resultados positivos para COVID-19 estiveram associados à idade dos pacientes (Odds Ratio - OR 1.020; intervalo de confiança - IC95% 1.007 - 1.032); contato domiciliar com caso positivo ou suspeito (OR 1.902; IC95% 1.178 - 3.070); presença de náuseas/vômitos (OR 2.403; IC95% 1.148 - 5.029) e alterações no olfato (OR 2.827; IC95% 1.294 - 6.176). Conclusões: O Telessaúde-COVID foi relevante na condução e notificação dos casos atendidos, evitando a procura por consultas presenciais sem indicação clínica. Entre os casos suspeitos, a positividade para COVID-19 associou-se a idosos, história de contato domiciliar, sintomas gastrointestinais e olfatórios.

ABSTRACT: Objective: to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients treated by the remote care service "Telessaúde-COVID" and the factors associated with positive results for COVID-19. Methods: an exploratory and analytical study, carried out based on the analysis of patient records treated by a remote care service called "Telessaúde-COVID". Characteristics of the patients treated and variables related to the service's functioning were evaluated. A descriptive, inferential analysis was performed by logistic regression. Results: 1,854 new patients were evaluated and an estimate of 8,630 visits. Female patients were predominant (60.9%), aged between 20 and 59 years (75.9%). The most frequent signs and symptoms were: headache (41.8%), cough (33.3%) and runny nose (30.0%). Of the total number of patients, 66.4% were reported as suspected case of COVID-19 and 14.5% tested positive for COVID-19. The age of 60 years or more was more common among confirmed cases (26.6%). Most patients (80.4%) did not require face-to-face assistance. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 were associated with the age of the patients (OR 1,020; IC95% 1,007 - 1,032); home contact with a confirmed/suspected case (OR 1,902; IC95% 1,178 - 3,070); presence of nausea/vomiting (OR 2,403; IC95% 1,148 - 5,029) and changes in smell (OR 2,827; IC95% 1,294 - 6,176). Conclusion: "Telessaúde-COVID" was relevant in the management and notification of cases, avoiding the search for face-to-face consultations without clinical indication. Among the suspected cases, positivity for COVID-19 was associated with aging, history of home contact, gastrointestinal and olfactory symptoms.

Experience of the rapid implementation of a pioneering telehealth service during the COVID-19 crisis / Experiência da rápida implementação de serviço pioneiro em telessaúde durante a crise da Covid-19

Abstract: Introduction: Based on a national ordinance that regulates and operationalizes telemedicine as one of the measures to cope with the public health emergency resulting from the COVID-19 epidemic, a partnership was established between the federal university and municipal management for the rapid implementation of the telehealth service for COVID-19. Experience report: Experience report on the implementation process of the specific telehealth service for COVID-19, a partnership between the academy and the service. Discussion: The implementation process requires team sizing, physical space and technological resources, training and continuous education of the team to align the actions, for the agreement and articulation of the call center and telemonitoring flowchart with the local health network at all levels of care, disclosure of the service to the population, attention to ethical aspects, criteria for issuing documents, standing out and integration of the team regarding the clinical approach in teleconsultation and telemonitoring. Conclusion: The experience of implementing the Telehealth Covid service in 27 days is reported in this article, and it is likely to be replicated by other municipalities, as a contingency measure due to COVID-19. The significant number of visits, the social mission of the public university and its articulation with the local health system stand out after two months of operation.

Resumo: Introdução: Com base em portaria nacional que regulamenta e operacionaliza a telemedicina como uma das medidas de enfrentamento da emergência de saúde pública decorrente da epidemia de Covid-19, firmou-se uma parceria entre a universidade federal e a gestão municipal para a rápida implementação do serviço de telessaúde para Covid-19. Relato de Experiência: Trata-se de relato de experiência do processo de implementação do serviço de telessaúde específico para Covid-19, uma parceria entre academia e serviço. Discussão: O processo de implementação requer dimensionamento da equipe, espaço físico e recursos tecnológicos, treinamento e capacitação contínua da equipe para alinhamento das ações, pactuação e articulação do fluxograma de teleatendimento e telemonitoramento com a rede de saúde local em todos os níveis de atenção, divulgação do serviço para a população, atenção a aspectos éticos e critérios de emissão de documentos, com destaque à apropriação da equipe quanto à abordagem clínica na teleconsulta e no telemonitoramento. Conclusão: A experiência de implementação do serviço Telessaúde Covid em 27 dias relatada neste artigo é passível de replicação por outros municípios como medida de contingenciamento da Covid-19. No relato, destacam-se o número expressivo de atendimentos após dois meses de funcionamento, a missão social da universidade pública e a articulação dela com o sistema de saúde local.

Breastfeeding versus free distribution of infant formulas by the Public Health System / Aleitamento materno versus distribuição gratuita de fórmulas infantis pelo Sistema Único de Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the situation of breastfeeding and the adequacy of prescription of infant formulas to infants assisted by a secondary care program of the Public Health System. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with analysis of medical records of 350 infants from zero to 6 months, followed up between February to April 2019. Results: The possibility of breastfeeding was present in 97.0% of mothers and no infant presented an acceptable medical condition for proscription of breastfeeding. Despite this, only 47.2% of cases were on exclusive breastfeeding before being referred to the program. Regarding the reasons for the introduction of infant formulas, complementation to breast milk was the most present (75.8%), followed by mothers returning to the job market (20.1%). The general rates of inadequacy of those prescribed were 65% before arriving at the program, increasing to 69% (standard formulas) and 80% (formulas for special purposes) during follow-up. Conclusion: The low rate of exclusive breastfeeding and the indiscriminate prescription of infant formulas are a concern for damage to maternal-child healthcare and sound finances of the Public Health System.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar a situação de aleitamento materno e da adequação de prescrição de fórmulas infantis a lactentes assistidos por um programa de Atenção Secundária do Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal pela análise de prontuários de 350 lactentes de zero a 6 meses, acompanhados entre fevereiro a abril de 2019. Resultados: A possibilidade de aleitamento materno esteve presente em 97,0% das mães, e nenhum lactente apresentou condição médica aceitável para a proscrição do aleitamento materno. Apesar disso, apenas 47,2% dos casos estavam em aleitamento materno exclusivo antes do encaminhamento ao programa. Em relação aos motivos da introdução das fórmulas infantis, a complementação ao leite materno foi o mais presente (75,8%), seguido da volta da mãe ao mercado de trabalho (20,1%). As taxas gerais de inadequação dentre os prescritos foram de 65% antes da chegada ao programa, passando para 69% (fórmulas padrão) e 80% (fórmulas para fins especiais) durante o acompanhamento. Conclusão: A baixa taxa de aleitamento materno exclusivo e a prescrição indiscriminada de fórmulas infantis são preocupantes por causar prejuízos à saúde maternoinfantil e financeira do Sistema Único de Saúde.